The Maritime Continent (MC) region is known as a ‘barrier’ in the life-cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). During boreal winter, the MJO detours the equatorial MC land region southward […]
Humans are rather weak compared with many other animals. We are not particular fast and have no natural weapons. Yet Homo sapiens currently number nearly 7.7 billion and influenced almost […]
The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) has been shown to play a major role in the multidecadal variability of the Northern Hemisphere, impacting temperature and precipitation, including intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)-driven […]
Speleothem oxygen isotope records from the Asian Monsoon (AM) region cover the last 640.000 years and are important to understand teleconnection patterns across the globe. The δ18O of speleothem calcite […]
Indian Ocean exhibits complex biophysical interactions in response to the seasonally reversing monsoons winds. Direct observations and biogeochemistry modeling studies have been employed to parameterize these complex biogeochemical interactions in […]
The conventional understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, so-called Twomey and Albrecht effects, only focuses on microphysical modifications of clouds by aerosol with no consideration of dynamic responses to aerosol. Numerous recent […]
We argue for a pervasive link between cold climates and polar ocean stratification. In both the Subarctic North Pacific and the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, ice ages were […]
High-resolution paloeclimate reconstructions show a strong relationship between climatically induced changes in environmental conditions and social, political, and economic responses in several parts of the world during the past millennia. […]
Sunlight drives the Earth’s weather, climate, chemistry, and bio-sphere. Recent efforts to improve solar heating codes in climate models focused on more accurate treatment of the absorption spectrum or fractional […]
It was noted long ago that the T-S properties of the main thermocline match those of the winter mixed layer rather than those of the annual mean state (Islin, 1939). […]