We investigate the origin of the equatorial Pacific cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias and its link to wind biases, local and remote, in the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). The […]

Ever since 1976 when the concept of stochastic climate model (SCM) was proposed by K. Hasselmann, rapid progresses have been made in this field during the past decades. One key […]

Oxygen levels are decreasing in the ocean at an alarming rate, leading to the expansion of Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) particularly in the eastern part of the tropical Atlantic and […]

Eddies are fundamental components of the general circulation which enable the above regional climate differences to be realized, regardless of the cause – anthropogenic climate change or natural/internal climate variability. […]

The Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability (AMV) is a prominent mode of sea-surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Atlantic and can impact European weather and climate, such as droughts and Atlantic […]

As a natural external forcing of our climate system, volcanic eruptions can exert a negative radiative forcing on the Earth with global cooling; however, what eruptions under what conditions can […]

Local land-atmosphere coupling involves interactions between the land-surface and the overlying atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and in turn with the free atmosphere above. Initiation of fair-weather cumulus requires an increase […]

 Due to the escalating anthropogenic carbon emission, the anthropogenic carbon has been absorbed and accumulated in the upper ocean through penetration of carbon from the atmosphere. To mitigate the adverse […]