Better understanding of factors that control the global carbon cycle could increase confidence in climate projections. In this study, long-term simulations of the Earth system models (ESMs) in phase 5 […]

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is thought to play a major role in decadal and longer time-scale climate variability as well as in prediction of the earth’s future climate […]

Many studies on future projections by climate models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) point out the long-term strengthening of the upper-ocean stratification due to the surface intensification of […]

Understanding the mechanisms of how Californian Central Valley (CCV) extreme heat waves develop is very important as the events have major impacts on the economy and human safety. This study […]

The presentation will give key results of recent two papers of Lim et al. (2018a; 2018b). In the tropical Pacific, climate modeling groups nowadays develop earth system models (ESMs) by incorporating biogeochemical […]

During major glacial periods when sea levels were substantially lower the main islands of the Japanese archipelago (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku) that form paleo-Honshu would have been connected to the Asian […]

According to IPCC report, the Earth’s climate has been warming rapidly since the 20thcentury, and the current warming trend is expected to continue in the upcoming decades. Therefore, the “paleoclimatologists” […]

A cave is defined as a naturally formed underground cavity large enough for human entry. According to the formation processes, caves are usually divided into solution, volcanic, glacier, crevice, and […]