Oxygen levels are decreasing in the ocean at an alarming rate, leading to the expansion of Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) particularly in the eastern part of the tropical Atlantic and […]
We investigate the origin of the equatorial Pacific cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias and its link to wind biases, local and remote, in the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). The […]
As a natural external forcing of our climate system, volcanic eruptions can exert a negative radiative forcing on the Earth with global cooling; however, what eruptions under what conditions can […]
The Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability (AMV) is a prominent mode of sea-surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Atlantic and can impact European weather and climate, such as droughts and Atlantic […]
Eddies are fundamental components of the general circulation which enable the above regional climate differences to be realized, regardless of the cause – anthropogenic climate change or natural/internal climate variability. […]
Ever since 1976 when the concept of stochastic climate model (SCM) was proposed by K. Hasselmann, rapid progresses have been made in this field during the past decades. One key […]
Local land-atmosphere coupling involves interactions between the land-surface and the overlying atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and in turn with the free atmosphere above. Initiation of fair-weather cumulus requires an increase […]
Due to the escalating anthropogenic carbon emission, the anthropogenic carbon has been absorbed and accumulated in the upper ocean through penetration of carbon from the atmosphere. To mitigate the adverse […]
Earth System Models of high (ESMs) and Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) are very useful tools to test hypotheses and perform sensitivity analyses. However, they require regular input fields as boundary conditions […]
Air pollution is among the top contributors to the Global Burden of Disease. Communities are exposed to varying levels of air pollution, leading to health inequities. How do we evaluate […]