The conventional understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, so-called Twomey and Albrecht effects, only focuses on microphysical modifications of clouds by aerosol with no consideration of dynamic responses to aerosol. Numerous recent […]
We argue for a pervasive link between cold climates and polar ocean stratification. In both the Subarctic North Pacific and the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, ice ages were […]
High-resolution paloeclimate reconstructions show a strong relationship between climatically induced changes in environmental conditions and social, political, and economic responses in several parts of the world during the past millennia. […]
Sunlight drives the Earth’s weather, climate, chemistry, and bio-sphere. Recent efforts to improve solar heating codes in climate models focused on more accurate treatment of the absorption spectrum or fractional […]
It was noted long ago that the T-S properties of the main thermocline match those of the winter mixed layer rather than those of the annual mean state (Islin, 1939). […]
Assessment of the global budget of nitrous oxide (N2O), a major greenhouse gas, is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic N2O flux to the atmosphere, whose magnitude, variability, and […]
When Apollo 11 landed on the Moon in July 20, 1969, some of oceanographers imagined global view of oceans from a satellite in a day. Since then, over 6000 satellites […]
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are primary sources of global and regional climate variability. Further understanding of possible connections […]
Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) of sea surface temperature (SST) is a key source of climate variability in surrounding regions. Low frequency Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is often invoked […]